Inclusion Criteria:

1. Acute myeloid leukemia arising de novo (per European LeukemiaNet)
2. Treated with any established chemotherapy regimen based on either:

1. 7+3: Standard-dose cytarabine 100-200 mg per meter squared continuous infusion for 7 days with idarubicin 12 mg per meter squared or daunorubicin 45-90 mg per meter squared for 3 days
2. High-dose cytarabine-based (HIDAC) chemotherapy administering a total cytarabine dose of ≥ 4 g per meter squared alone or in combination with other anti-leukemic agents (for example, anthracyclines, purine nucleoside inhibitors, etoposide, etc.)
3. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2 at Screening or by the day chemotherapy is initiated
4. Adequate respiratory function with a room air oxygen saturation of at least 92%
5. Adequate cardiac function defined as an ejection fraction of at least 45%
6. Serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times the upper limits of normal. Subjects with a history of Gilbert's syndrome may be enrolled if the total bilirubin is < 3 mg/dL with an indirect bilirubin of > 1.5 mg/dL
7. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 2.5 times upper limits of normal prior to chemotherapy
8. Serum creatinine ≤ 2 times upper limits of normal or estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 meter squared per Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (MDRD)
9. All subjects, except post-menopausal women, must be willing to utilize a highly effective method of contraception throughout the study
10. Adequately informed of the nature and risks of the study with written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant or breast feeding
2. Overt central nervous system manifestations of leukemia at diagnosis
3. Specifically diagnosed and uncontrolled fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection (e.g. confirmed sepsis, pneumonia, abscess, cellulitis, etc.) at the day chemotherapy is initiated. "Uncontrolled" is defined as exhibiting ongoing signs and symptoms of infection without improvement despite antimicrobial or other treatment.
4. AML subtype M3 (promyelocytic leukemia)
5. Previous chemotherapy for AML
6. History of or current human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus infection
7. History of or current clinically significant immunodeficiency
8. Known contraindication to receiving G-CSF
9. History of or current clinically significant alloimmunization to leukocyte antigens
10. Participation in another clinical study within 28 days of the day chemotherapy is initiated, in which the study drug or device may influence hematopoiesis. Co-enrollment in another study is allowed in cases where the investigational therapy under study is a version of an acceptable chemotherapy regimen for this study per the inclusion criteria.
11. Receiving any agent concurrently with CLT-008 infusion which inhibits cell division (e.g., methotrexate or hydroxyurea)
12. Acute or chronic medical disorder that, in the opinion of the investigator or medical monitor, may prevent the subject from completing participation in the study