Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD)

Overview and Facts about Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD)

A ventricular assist device (VAD) is a mechanical pump that helps circulate blood from your heart to the rest of your body.

A VAD may be recommended by your doctor if you have a weak or damaged heart, as it can help keep your heart functioning while you wait for a transplant. Some patients also use VADs as a long-term treatment for heart failure.

If you have a temporary heart problem, your doctor may also recommend this procedure. A VAD can improve your circulation while your heart heals.

What to Expect during Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD)

VAD procedures involve open heart surgery. This type of cardiac surgery isn't right for everyone. Before scheduling a procedure, your doctor performs several tests that will determine whether open heart surgery is safe for you. If VAD is not an option, your doctor can help you choose an alternate treatment.

Many patients spend several days in the hospital before their surgery. During this time, your medical team runs tests and prepares you for surgery. Your team can also explain how to manage your VAD. You may find it helpful to bring a family member or caregiver to these discussions.

On the day of your surgery, the team gives you general anesthesia. This medication makes you sleep through the procedure. Next, the team connects you to a ventilator and a heart-lung bypass machine. These devices keep oxygenated blood circulating through your body.

You will then receive medication that stops your heart. Once your heart is immobile, your surgeon makes an incision in your chest and opens your rib cage. The VAD is then implanted and the incisions are closed. Finally, the team takes you off the heart-lung bypass machine.

VAD procedures generally take four to six hours. After surgery, the team takes you to the intensive care unit (ICU). You may remain on a ventilator for a few days.

What are the Side Effects of Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD)?

VAD procedures are invasive and can involve a lengthy recovery period. Some patients may stay at the hospital for some time after their surgery. Others may choose to recover at a nursing home or a short-term care facility.

During the recovery period, you may feel very weak. You may have trouble breathing or other unpleasant symptoms. Some patients also feel anxious about living with a VAD. Your medical team can provide the care you need to manage these symptoms.

Cardiac rehabilitation programs can help you rebuild your strength and recover more quickly. Your doctor can offer more details about these programs.

What are the Risks of Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD)?

VAD procedures carry several risks. Some patients may develop:

• Blood clots
• Heart failure
• Heavy or uncontrolled bleeding
• Infections

Sometimes, a VAD may stop working. If your VAD fails, you will need emergency medical care. Your medical team can explain how to maintain your device and what to do if it isn't working.

Let your doctor know about any sudden changes in your health. These symptoms could be a sign that your VAD is not functioning correctly.