Overview and Facts about Laryngeal Atypia (Dysplasia)
Laryngeal atypia, also known as laryngeal dysplasia, involves the development of abnormal but non-cancerous cells.
These will occur in the outer layer of cells in the vocal cords of the larynx. If it is left untreated, this condition can lead to the development of laryngeal cancer.
Laryngeal atypia can also recur after it has been treated or removed.
Signs and Symptoms of Laryngeal Atypia (Dysplasia)
Laryngeal atypia often appears as red or white lesions on the surface of the vocal cords. These cells are pre-cancerous, and they may cause mild discomfort.
Other symptoms include:
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Recurring hoarseness of the voice
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Persistent pain when swallowing
Causes and Risk Factors of Laryngeal Atypia (Dysplasia)
Tobacco use is the number one risk factor for developing both laryngeal atypia and laryngeal cancer. The risk increases depending on the number of years a person has been using tobacco and the number of cigarettes smoked.
Therefore, smokers who suffer from a hoarse voice should not merely dismiss the symptom since it may be a sign of laryngeal atypia, which may eventually lead to laryngeal cancer, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Tests and Diagnosis of Laryngeal Atypia (Dysplasia)
To diagnose laryngeal atypia, your doctor will refer you to an otolaryngology specialist, or ENT, who will perform a fiber optic scope to examine any suspicious lesions on the larynx.
This is a special test that uses a long flexible camera to look closely at your vocal cords. A tissue sample may be needed to examine in the laboratory to test for abnormal cells.
Treatment and Care of Laryngeal Atypia (Dysplasia)
The aim of treatment is to maintain the quality of your voice while preventing the development of cancer. The first line of treatment involves a biopsy.
After this, treatments depend on a number of factors. Often these can be treated with a laser therapy.
Transformation of laryngeal atypia into laryngeal cancer can take many years to occur. Routine surveillance is important, so your doctor will usually recommend a schedule of watchful waiting.
This ensures the condition is closely monitored so that any invasive carcinoma can be treated promptly.
